LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL IDENTITY: SPEAKING JAVANESE IN TENGGER (INDONESIA).
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TextDescription: 342 pSubject(s): Language, Linguistics | 0290Dissertation note: Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1983. Summary: The Tengger are an ethnically Javanese people living in some thirty villages in the Bromo massif of highlands East Java. They speak a non-standard dialect of Javanese traditionally characterized by the absence of the speech levels so important for speech interactions in other areas of Java. To speakers of standard Javanese the Tengger dialect thus appears crudely insensitive to social hierarchy. The Tengger are also heirs to the only remaining explicitly non-Islamic Hindu priesthood in contemporary Java.Summary: This study examines the structure and use of the Tengger dialect and its role within the speech repertoire of the Tengger speech community. The dialect is a variety of the familiar level of standard Javanese, ngoko. It differs only slightly from the standard in features of its pronunciation, verb morphology and lexicon. The dialect continues to be used in intravillage speech interactions as the code of Tengger identity and solidarity. "High" Javanese kromo however has always been the code of Tengger liturgical texts. Examination of ritual liturgy reveals that a linguistic hierarchy exists in the codes used to address the human congregation, various spirits, and deities which is similar to that of the speech levels of standard Javanese. The texts are in addition linked to an earlier Javo-Balinese Hindu tradition. This study investigates the manner in which popular interpretation of the ritual texts has been rendered increasingly problematic in the face of an Islamizing Java.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-06, Section: A, page: 1779.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1983.
The Tengger are an ethnically Javanese people living in some thirty villages in the Bromo massif of highlands East Java. They speak a non-standard dialect of Javanese traditionally characterized by the absence of the speech levels so important for speech interactions in other areas of Java. To speakers of standard Javanese the Tengger dialect thus appears crudely insensitive to social hierarchy. The Tengger are also heirs to the only remaining explicitly non-Islamic Hindu priesthood in contemporary Java.
This study examines the structure and use of the Tengger dialect and its role within the speech repertoire of the Tengger speech community. The dialect is a variety of the familiar level of standard Javanese, ngoko. It differs only slightly from the standard in features of its pronunciation, verb morphology and lexicon. The dialect continues to be used in intravillage speech interactions as the code of Tengger identity and solidarity. "High" Javanese kromo however has always been the code of Tengger liturgical texts. Examination of ritual liturgy reveals that a linguistic hierarchy exists in the codes used to address the human congregation, various spirits, and deities which is similar to that of the speech levels of standard Javanese. The texts are in addition linked to an earlier Javo-Balinese Hindu tradition. This study investigates the manner in which popular interpretation of the ritual texts has been rendered increasingly problematic in the face of an Islamizing Java.
School code: 0127.
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